The seconds before the snap are part of the play. Players are gathering information, showing one intention and sometimes preparing another.

Start with down and distance The offence normally has four downs to reach the line to gain, usually ten yards from the start of a new series. A short gain can therefore be useful in one situation and insufficient in another. Read the situation before deciding whether a play achieved its purpose.

Look at the spacing Notice where receivers line up and how far defenders stand from them. You do not need to name every formation. Ask which parts of the field appear crowded and which appear available, then compare that first impression with what happens after the snap.

Expect the picture to change A pre-snap alignment is evidence, not a promise. Defenders can change responsibilities as the play starts. Motion can give the offence information, but it does not reveal every detail of the coverage.

Watch one player away from the ball On a replay, follow a receiver or a blocker instead of the quarterback. The action that creates an opening often happens before the pass reaches its target. This habit makes short gains, failed plays and defensive stops more interesting to watch.